http://www.aaa3.net/adhd-rating-scale-children/
For adult patients with ADHD, cognitive behavior therapy plus medication better than medication alone
For adult patients with ADHD, cognitive behavior therapy, medication best medication alone
An adult with attention deficit disorder ( title = "What is ADHD?"> ADHD) taking the specific medication combined with 1-on-one sessions of CBT (CBT) is likely to observing a significantly greater improvement in symptoms compared to an adult patient with ADHD who only has the drug, according to research published in JAMA (Journal of the American Medical Association), 25 August 2010 edition
The authors wrote:
About 4.4% of adults in the United States have ADHD, a disorder characterized by altering levels of inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. Medicines have been the primary treatment, however, many adults with ADHD can not or will not take drugs while others show a poor response to drugs. In addition, considered responders to the drug (ie, 30% reduction of symptoms) may continue to have significant symptoms and deteriorating. Therefore, There is a need for alternative strategies and the next step. [1].
A qualified evaluator ADHD symptoms with the ADHD rating scale and the scale Clinical Global Impression when the trial began, then at the end of treatment. There was another 6 – and 12-month follow-up.
The study revealed significantly better scores on the ADHD rating scale scores and clinical global impression scale among patients who received CBT, compared with those who were assigned to the relaxation with educational support.
Also, a higher percentage of respondents in the status of cognitive-behavioral therapy compared with the state relaxation, using criteria of both the clinical Global Impression Scale (53% vs 23%) and ADHD Rating Scale (67% vs 33%).
Symptoms reported Auto-also were significantly better for the CBT therapy throughout treatment. Responders and partial responders in the CBT condition held onto their gains at 6 and 12 months.
More research is needed to determine whether the CBT intervention might help patients who can not or unwilling to take medication for ADHD, the researchers added
The authors wrote:
In addition, because the only treatment tested other is a group intervention, more research is needed to examine whether patients or different settings may be more receptive or conducive to a person against a group approach.
"This study suggests that cognitive-behavioral therapy for ADHD in adults appears to be a useful next step strategy and effective for adults showing that persists despite treatment with medication symptoms. In general, treatment was well tolerated, with dropout rates very low, and had positive effects and held in ADHD symptoms. Clinical application of these strategies to patients that need to be encouraged. [1].
What is ADHD (Hyperactivity Disorder Attention Deficit)?
Health experts say that ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) is more conduct disorder commonly starts in childhood. However, not only affect children – people of all ages with ADHD. Psychiatrists say that ADHD is a neurobehavioral developmental disorder.
An individual with ADHD is much more difficult to concentrate on something without getting distracted. He has a greater difficulty in controlling what do or say, and less able to control the physical activity that is appropriate for a particular situation about someone without ADHD. In other words, a person with ADHD is much more impulsive and restless.
Health professionals can use any of the following terms to describe a child (or elderly) that is hyperactive and have difficulty concentrating – attention deficit disorder (ADD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), hyperkinetic disorder (HD) hyperactivity.
Americans often use the terms ADD (attention deficit disorder) or ADHD (attention deficit disorder). Hyperkinetic disorder in the United Kingdom is the official term – however, ADD and ADHD are increasingly used.
ADHD in children is completely different normal children excited and boisterous behavior. Many children, especially the very young, are distracted and restless without being affected by ADHD.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that approximately 4.4 million children between 4 and 17 have been diagnosed with ADHD in the U.S. by a health professional. Since 2003 two and a half million children between 4 and 17 are being treated with ADHD drugs. The CDC says that in 2003 7.8% of all American children of school age was reported that a diagnosis of ADHD by their parents.
Three types of ADHD
According to the CDC, there are three types of ADHD. They are defined according to which symptoms are more prominent.
- Predominantly inattentive type
The person who finds it very difficult to organize or complete a task. They find it difficult to pay attention to details and have difficulty following instructions or conversations. - Predominantly hyperactive-impulsive type
The person finds it difficult to sit still – to tinker and talk a lot. A small child can be continuously jumping, running or climbing. They are restless and impulsive – Interrupting others, taking things and talking at inappropriate times. They have difficulty waiting your turn and find it difficult to hear the instructions. A person with this type of ADHD have more injuries and / or accidents than others. - Combined Type
A person whose symptoms include all of 1 and 2, whose symptoms are equally predominant. In other words, all the symptoms in 1 and 2 highlights equally.
What are general signs of ADHD in children?
- the child is restless, hyperactive, restless
- the child is in constant chatter
- the child is constantly interrupting people
- the child can not concentrate for long on specific tasks
- the child is distracted
- the child finds it hard to wait your turn in the game, conversations or standing in line (queue)
The above signs can be seen frequently in children and usually does not mean the child has ADHD. It is when these signs become more pronounced in a child, compared with other children their same age, and when their behavior is detrimental to their school and social life, the child may have ADHD.
What causes ADHD?
The main cause of ADHD is not known yet. Studies show that a person at risk of developing ADHD is greater if a close relative also has / had. Twin studies have indicated that ADHD is highly heritable. We also know that ADHD is more common in boys than in girls. The scientific community generally agrees that ADHD is biological in nature. Many leading scientists believe that ADHD is the result of chemical imbalances in the brain.
Some studies have indicated that food additives, specifically some dyes, can have an impact on the behaviors of ADHD. In July 2008, the European Union ruled that colors synthetic food (called azo dyes) should be an indication not only with the relevant E number but also with the words "may have an adverse effect on the activity and attention in children. "
How I can know, "Is it my child, spouse or family member has ADHD?
ADHD is diagnosed physically, ie with a blood test, urine test, brain scan or a physical check up. As Most children have problems with self anyway, a proper diagnosis can be quite difficult.
A diagnosis of ADHD must be performed by a specialist – usually a psychiatrist, psychologist or pediatrician. The specialist will observe the child and recognize patterns of behavior. The behavioral data the child at home and at school will also be considered. Only a specialist will be able to accurately detect whether the problems of others and / or conditions are translated on characteristics of ADHD-like behavior.
When ADHD is started? ADHD How long past?
According to ADHD Online Support New Zealand Group, the occurrence of ADHD usually occur before the person is 7 years old. Approximately 75% of patients with ADHD, the symptoms continue adulthood. However, the levels of hyperactivity tend to diminish as people age.
Adult ADHD
It was not until the early 1970 that researchers began to realize that what we now know as ADHD does not always disappear during adolescence of a person. It was during that decade was observed that some symptoms of ADHD were identified in parents of children treated for ADHD. In 1978, ADHD was officially recognized as a disease also affects adults, and began the term ADD adult – the 'H' of ADHD appeared reduced because adults are not as hyperactive as children.
According uspharmacist.com, approximately 8 million adults in the U.S. ADHD. An adult with untreated ADHD tend to have a chaotic lifestyle – that may seem more disorganized compared with people without ADHD. Health professionals believe that there are millions of adults who have ADHD, but not know and remain without treatment. Studies indicate that adults with ADHD benefit greatly from a combination of medication and behavioral therapy.
About the Author
1.“Cognitive Behavioral Therapy vs Relaxation With Educational Support for Medication-Treated Adults With ADHD and Persistent Symptoms”
Steven A. Safren, PhD, ABPP; Susan Sprich, PhD; Matthew J. Mimiaga, ScD, MPH; Craig Surman, MD; Laura Knouse, PhD; Meghan Groves; Michael W. Otto, PhD
JAMA. 2010;304(8):875-880. doi:10.1001/jama.2010.1192.
- Source: FR Carrick Research Institute
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